Iron and Manganese Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are responsible for a number of problems with water supplies. Above 0.3 mg/L iron and 0.05 mg/L manganese, these contaminants cause aesthetic problems such as discolouration of water, turbidity, staining and unpleasant taste. The presence of iron and manganese can also accelerate biological activity further exacerbating taste, […]

Conventional methods of generating chlorine dioxide have in the past limited the use of chlorine dioxide. These limitations included the cost of the equipment, the complexity and hazards of generating and handling chlorine dioxide safely and the accompanying by-products including chlorine, chlorites and chlorates. The presence of chlorine in chlorine dioxide generated by classical methods […]

In most large scale water treatment plants, mixing of CleanOxide Part A (P) and CleanOxide Part B takes place in an automated preparation plant such as the one shown schematically below. CleanOxide Part A (P) and CleanOxide Part B are allowed to react for approximately seven hours before CleanOxide Liquid 75 is ready to dose […]

The dose rate of CleanOxide Liquid 75 is determined by the quality of the water to be treated and the level of treatment required. Experience in Europe suggests that treatment rates of 0.1 to 0.3mg/L chlorine dioxide are adequate where water quality is high. Lower quality water or water containing impurities that consume chlorine dioxide […]

Chlorine Dioxide (CIO2) is an oxidising biocide. It kills micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses and spores) by attacking and penetrating their cell wall, disrupting the transport of nutrients across the cell wall and inhibiting protein synthesis. Since this action occurs regardless of the metabolic state of the organism, oxidising biocides are effective against dormant organisms and spores […]